From where I was fishing, I could look south into the
rugged, snow-capped peaks of the Anaconda Pintler Wilderness, administered by
the U.S. Forest Service, where I have spent much of my life hiking, backpacking,
snowshoeing and hunting for wild, native elk. I thought about a special night
back in September, in a remote part of that wonderful wilderness, when I slept
out under bright stars and a brilliant full moon listening to the beautiful
wild howls of native wolves.
As I was ice fishing on that human-created lake catching
nonnative trophy rainbow trout (and releasing a small nonnative brook trout so
it could maybe grow into a nonnative trophy fish) a war on native wolves was underway
throughout Montana.
New wolf-killing regulations in Montana allow individuals to
kill up to 20 native wolves (10 by trapping, 10 by shooting). Snaring, baiting
and shooting of native wolves are all legal. Night hunting for native wolves is
allowed on private lands. A recent court-ruling declared aerial shooting of
native wolves is permitted. These regulations are put in place and
enforced by the Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife & Parks, overseen by a
governor-appointed commission made up of mostly hunters and ranchers, funded
mostly by hunting and fishing license fees, based on false claims of protecting
wild elk and livestock.
So while the state of Montana is working to enhance some nonnative
species, it is simultaneously carrying out a war against other native species.
This sums up the flaws to our current system of wildlife management, and why it
must change.
Thus far, about 250 wolves have been killed in
Montana this year, more than 20 right outside the boundaries of Yellowstone
National Park – a boundary wolves aren’t aware of when they cross from the Park
(where they’re protected) into Montana (where they’re slaughtered). Yellowstone
has thus far lost nearly a quarter of its wolves, including one entire pack.
Many of those wolves wore tracking collars as part of ongoing research to better
understand wolves. The governor of Montana himself, Greg Gianforte – the same
man who was arrested for assault after body-slamming a reporter because the
reporter asked him questions – was found in violation of state regulations when
he recently trapped and killed a wolf near Yellowstone. He also killed a radio-collared
mountain lion after it was treed by dogs. The lion was also part of an ongoing
research effort to better understand predators.
Here’s a few things we understand for certain about predators
such as wolves, grizzlies, mountain lions and coyotes: They didn’t evolve with
much predation; they are mostly self-regulating in maintaining population sizes;
they have intricate social structures, breeding behavior and territorial
tendencies. When certain individual predators are killed from a population, it
can disrupt and alter social structures, breeding behaviors and territorial
tendencies, and result in more breeding and more predators, many who don’t
learn skills and survival tips from older animals now dead – skills and
survival tips such as how to hunt elk and deer, how to avoid humans, how to avoid
livestock. The killing of these predators often exacerbates the challenges
managers claim to be solving. Where predators are heavily hunted, livestock
depredation and conflicts with humans often increases.
But science doesn’t seem to
matter. A lot of people in Montana don’t want to understand native predators. They
don’t even try to understand how to coexist with native
predators. They just want to kill them. They even organize and hold killing
contests with prizes for those who can slaughter the most wolves and coyotes. These
are the people who influence and control the management of wolves and coyotes,
management based on lies, myths, misconceptions, politics and fear.
Grizzly bears are next.
Grizzlies are currently emerging from their winter dens,
awaking to an increasingly hostile world of challenges, threats and dangers
from humans who, for the most part, misunderstand and fear grizzlies. Idaho
serves as an example.
About 35-40 grizzly bears live in the Selkirk Mountains of
Idaho. Another 30-40 occupy the Cabinet-Yaak Ecosystem along the Idaho and
Montana border, a small, isolated population threatened by proposed road construction
and logging. In other words: There’s maybe, at most, 80 grizzlies, but
more likely about 50 grizzlies, in the entire state of Idaho. Yet Idaho
Governor Brad Little just submitted a petition to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service to remove grizzly bears in the “Lower 48” of the United States from the
Endangered Species list, and recognize states’ “successful efforts to recover
and manage” grizzly populations.“Bureaucratic gridlock is keeping healthy
grizzly populations on the threatened species list unnecessarily,” Little
says.
Yes, the predator-hating Governor of the same
predator-hating state that sends bounty hunters into wilderness areas to
eradicate entire wolf packs (on federal public lands!); that guns down wolves
from helicopters; that pays people a bounty to kill wolves; that allows people
to trap, poison and shoot as many wolves as they want whenever they want, is
now telling us they can be trusted to manage and protect grizzly bears?
The governors of Montana and Wyoming are also pushing for
delisting of grizzlies (to remove grizzlies from federal protection and turn
management over to the states) while simultaneously carrying out a war against
wolves. All three states have plans to hunt, to kill!, grizzlies for fun,
amusement and entertainment, despite the fact that the hunting of apex
predators, that didn’t evolve with much predation, has numerous, negative
consequences to those populations, not to mention the individuals hunted and
killed.
Grizzlies occupy less than two-percent of their historic
range. They mostly exist in several, relatively small, isolated populations
with no genetic connectivity. They face numerous challenges from
climate-related changes to their habitat and related declines in traditional
food sources, causing them to expand their range in search of alternative
foods, putting them more in contact and conflict with a rapidly increasing
human population.
State wildlife management in Idaho, Montana and Wyoming, as
in many states, is funded mostly through the sale of hunting and fishing
licenses, and excise taxes in hunting and fishing equipment. Management is
guided by commissions appointed by governors, and consist mostly of people from
the hunting and agricultural community. As a result, management is mostly
directed at appeasing hunters and agricultural interests, favoring hunted
species such as elk and deer, to the detriment of other species, particularly
predators, such as wolves, grizzlies and mountain lions. The so-called
“management” of these predators by states is based on fear, lies, myths and
misconceptions, certainly not science. Many hunting organizations, the hunting
media and the hunting equipment industry perpetuate the lies, myths and
misconceptions and influence and control state wildlife management.
We hunters like to tout the North American Model of Wildlife
Management as a great success story in restoring and protecting wildlife. The
revered seven “tenants” of that system include: Wildlife resources are
conserved and held in trust for all citizens; Commerce in dead wildlife
is eliminated; Wildlife is allocated according to democratic rule of
law; Wildlife may only be killed for a legitimate, non-frivolous purpose; and, Scientific
management is the proper means for wildlife conservation. And yet there is
commerce for the hides, fur, antlers and horns of native wildlife; hunters have
far more influence and duscontrol over state wildlife management than other
citizens; wildlife is often killed for nonlegitimate, frivolous purposes,
including amusement, entertainment and profit; and, science is not driving the
management of predators – in fact, science is being dismissed and ignored,
resulting in wildlife management that is out of alignment with modern
ecological understanding, public attitudes, public trust principles and norms
of democratic governance. It needs reform.
This system MUST change. Grizzlies MUST remain under federal
protection, and wolves in Idaho, Montana and Wyoming MUST be placed back under
federal protection.
What You Can You:
* Support the efforts of Wildlifefor All, an emerging effort to address the systemic problems of state
wildlife management in a coordinated and strategic way on a national scale --
an initiative that is urgently needed, long overdue, and critically important
for the future of wildlife.
* Support Savethe Yellowstone Grizzlies and become a GrizzlyPeacekeeper.
* Sign the petition
to permanently protect grizzlies, and stop the killing and harassment of
"explorer" bears.
* Visit the GrizzlyTimes and All
Grizzly, by renowned carnivore scientist Dr. David Mattson and wildlife
advocate Louis Wilcox, to learn all you can about grizzly bears and the
nonscientific, political, fear-based mis-management of grizzlies and other
wildlife.
* Support national and local organizations such as: Wolvesof the Rockies, WildEarth
Guardians, CenterFor Wildlife Diversity, SierraClub, EarthJustice,
WesternWatersheds Project, the Flathead-Lolo-BitterrootCitizen Task Force and Friends of the Bitterroot, all working to -- among other things -- protect the
Endangered Species Act, protect wolves and grizzlies and stop the war on native
predators.